真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)一般由爐(lu)(lu)(lu)膛(tang)、電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)裝(zhuang)置、密(mi)封爐(lu)(lu)(lu)殼(ke)(ke)、真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)、供電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)和控溫系統(tong)等(deng)組(zu)成。密(mi)封爐(lu)(lu)(lu)殼(ke)(ke)用碳鋼或不(bu)銹鋼焊成，可(ke)拆卸(xie)部件的接(jie)合面用真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)密(mi)封材(cai)(cai)料密(mi)封。為防止爐(lu)(lu)(lu)殼(ke)(ke)受熱(re)(re)后變形和密(mi)封材(cai)(cai)料受熱(re)(re)變質，爐(lu)(lu)(lu)殼(ke)(ke)一般用水冷或氣冷降溫。爐(lu)(lu)(lu)膛(tang)位于密(mi)封爐(lu)(lu)(lu)殼(ke)(ke)內。根據爐(lu)(lu)(lu)子用途(tu),爐(lu)(lu)(lu)膛(tang)內部裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)不(bu)同(tong)類型的加熱(re)(re)元(yuan)件,如電(dian)(dian)阻、感應線圈、電(dian)(dian)極和電(dian)(dian)子槍等(deng)。熔煉金屬(shu)的真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)膛(tang)內裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)坩(gan)堝，有(you)(you)的還裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)自動(dong)澆注裝(zhuang)置和裝(zhuang)卸(xie)料的機械(xie)手等(deng)。真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)主要由真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)泵(beng)、真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)閥門和真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)計等(deng)組(zu)成。

　　真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)爐按加熱元(yuan)件分為真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)電(dian)阻爐、真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)感應爐、真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)電(dian)弧爐、真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)自耗電(dian)弧爐、電(dian)子束爐（又稱電(dian)子轟擊爐）和等離子爐等。